Hitit Ekonomi ve Politika Dergisi

Hitit Economy and Politics Journal, which is a part of Hitit University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, aims to publish scientific studies on economic, administrative and political sciences.

Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics is a peer-reviewed journal published twice a year, in June and December, except for special issues.

In the journal; "economics, accounting, finance, insurance, Islamic finance, agricultural economics, urbanization and environmental problems, international relations, international security, information systems, marketing, management, production management, political science, public administration, foreign trade, customs management, quantitative methods, finance, management sciences, international law, financial law, industrial relations, health management", especially scientific studies on economic, administrative and political sciences are published.

The publication language of the journal is Turkish and English.

All responsibility of the studies to be published in the journal belongs to the author/authors. No fee is requested from the authors before or after acceptance of publication.

In order to submit a study to the journal, an application must be made via e-mail specified on the journal's web page.

Authors/authors should also submit a similarity report obtained from iThenticate or Turnitin programs together with their work files. Studies with a similarity report of more than 20%, excluding references, are rejected outright.

Scientific studies submitted to the journal are evaluated by blind refereeing. 

Article Submissions
Submitted manuscripts should be appropriate to the purpose and scope of the journal. Original, unpublished manuscripts that are not in the evaluation process in another journal and whose content and submission have been approved by each author are accepted for evaluation.

Readership
The target readership is members of professions, specialists, researchers, specialty and doctoral students as well as students related to this field in all areas of health. It aims to contribute to the spread of continuous professional development and research culture.

Fee Policy
The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing or submission fee is charged for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication. Hitit Economics and Politics Journal does not accept sponsorship and advertisement in accordance with its publication policies. All expenses of Hitit Economics and Politics Journal are covered by Hitit University.

Copyright
The copyrights of the works published in Hitit Economics and Policy Journal belong to their authors. Authors consent to the publication of their intellectual work by Hitit Economics and Policy Journal under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

Please read the spelling rules and editorial guidelines before submitting your article.

The article must comply with the rules of grammar. The use of punctuation marks, spelling of words and abbreviations should be based on the latest TDK Spelling Guide, a clear and simple way of expression should be followed, and unnecessary information that goes beyond the purpose and scope should not be included.

In the preparation of the article, valid scientific methods should be followed, and information such as the subject, purpose, scope, rationale for preparation, etc. should be given sufficiently and in a certain order.

Title: Each article should have a title in the language in which it is written, in Turkish and English. It should be short, clear and adequately reflect the content of the article, should be written in capital letters and bold, and should not exceed fifteen words. The title of the article should be in bookman old style, all capital letters, bold, centered, 14 pt.

Abstract and Keywords: The Turkish abstract should reflect the purpose, scope and results of the study. The abstract should be at least one hundred and at most three hundred words in length, and Turkish keywords of at least three and at most six words should be written one line below the abstract. The abstract, title and keywords should also be in English. Articles written in a foreign language should include the title, abstract and keywords in Turkish, English and the language of writing. Care should be taken to avoid language mistakes in foreign language abstracts. TAB spaces should not be used in the Abstract and Abstract sections. Turkish and English Abstracts should be written in Bookman old style 8 point font.

Main Text The main text should be written in Bookman old style 9 pt. It is preferred that the manuscripts are written using MS Office Word software program (.doc or .docx extension).

Page Structure: A4 size, margins should be 2 cm from right, 2 cm from left, 2.5 cm from top and bottom, page number should be given at the bottom of the page, right justified.

Figures, tables, maps and photographs: Figures, tables, maps and photographs should not extend beyond the writing area, and each should be placed on a separate page if necessary. Figures and tables should be numbered and titled in Turkish and English according to their content. Numbers and titles should be written in 9-point font, with only the first letters of the words capitalized, at the bottom in figures and at the top in tables. Bookman old style 9 point font should be used in the contents of tables and figures.

The current APA style is used in the studies to be submitted to the journal, citations and references. 

Author's Guide
Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

Authorship and Contribution
Authorship should be limited to those who made significant contributions to the conception, design, conduct or interpretation of the study. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors. If there were minor contributors to the study, e.g. language editing, they should be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section. The corresponding author should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission for publication. Authors are expected to carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and to provide the final author list at the time of original submission. Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been submitted. All authors must agree to any such addition, deletion or reorganization. Authors take joint responsibility for the work.

Author Change Requests
Addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the author list can only be made before the manuscript is accepted and only if approved by the Editor of the journal.
If such a change is requested, the Editor will request from the responsible author (a) the reason for the change in the author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail) from all authors that they agree to the addition. Only in exceptional cases will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or reorganization of authors after the article has been accepted.

Article Writing
Authors of original research papers should address the topic in an original way and with an objective discussion. The paper should include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly false statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Originality
The author must ensure that the article is original, has not been previously published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in another language.

Using Original Sources and Citation
Authors should ensure that they are writing entirely original work and, if they have used the work or words of others, that it is properly cited. Privately obtained information, such as in conversations, correspondence or discussions with third parties, should not be used without the express written permission of the source.

Data Access and Preservation
Authors may be asked to provide research data supporting their articles for editorial review and/or to comply with the journal's open data requirements. Authors should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if possible, and to retain such data for a reasonable period after publication. The journal recommends uploading research data to TUBITAK's Aperta Portal.

Multiple and Simultaneous Publication
An author should not publish the same research article in more than one journal. It is unethical to submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. An author should not submit a previously published article for consideration in another journal, except in the form of an abstract.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article. In researches requiring ethics committee approval, information about the approval (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section, as well as on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signing of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Conflict of Interest
Any financial or other interest that may cause the person to be conflicted in his/her work, significantly impair his/her objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage in favor of any person or organization. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.

Error Reporting
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her published work, he/she should notify the journal immediately. It is also the author's obligation to cooperate in withdrawing or correcting the manuscript if deemed necessary by the editor. If the editor or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains errors, it is the author's obligation to cooperate with the editor, including informing the editor.

Image Integrity
It is not acceptable to enhance, darken, move, remove or add a specific feature in an image. Authors must adhere to the policy for graphic images implemented by the journal.

•Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics is published 2 (two) times a year except for special issues.

•Compliance with grammar rules in scientific studies is one of the most important issues for Hitit Economics and Policy Journal.

•Hitit Economics and Policy Journal has adopted APA 6th Edition principles for citation and referencing.

•The manuscripts to be submitted to Hitit Economics and Policy Journal should not have been published anywhere before and should not be currently submitted for publication.

•The publishing languages of Hitit Economics and Policy Journal are Turkish and English. The scientific and linguistic responsibility of the studies published in the journal belongs to the author/authors.

•Studies prepared in accordance with the purpose, scope and writing principles determined by the guidelines and principles are published in Hitit Economics and Politics Journal.

•Studies should be submitted in MS Office Word program, .doc or ..docx format.

•The studies sent to Hitit Economics and Policy Journal are evaluated by the Editorial Board at the preliminary control stage, and those that can contribute to the literature in the field in terms of scientific content are included in the refereeing process.

•The studies whose evaluation process is completed are ranked according to the date of acceptance. Acceptance e-mails are sent to the author(s) of the manuscripts accepted for publication.

•More than one work of the same author(s) cannot be published in one volume.

•An author/authors cannot submit more than one study in a calendar year.

•No royalties are paid to the author(s) for the studies published in the journal.

•Research articles, review articles, translations and book reviews are published in the journal.

•A maximum of 20 (twenty) scientific studies are published in one issue of the journal. At most 20% of the studies published in an issue consist of studies from within the institution.

•The opinions and responsibility for the studies published in the journal belong to the author/authors.

•If the studies submitted to the journal are supported by any institution or produced from a thesis, this should be stated on the first page of the article file containing the author information.

•The author/authors are obliged to make all changes requested by the referees. The manuscripts will not be published before the requested changes are made.

Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and respect for people's opinions.
• Honest researchers do not plagiarize.
• They do not misattribute sources.
• They do not hide objections they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or hide data.

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and actualize the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with ethical principles. Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics adheres to national and international standards on research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). It is also committed to abide by the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Replay
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor sends such an article back without review. The editor may then impose an embargo on the author who has attempted to republish for a certain period of time, make a public announcement in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps in a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors may not submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. If the editor learns of possible simultaneous submission, he/she reserves the right to consult with the other editor(s) receiving the manuscript. In addition, the editor may return the manuscript without review or reject the manuscript without considering the reviews, or take this decision in discussion with the other editor(s) involved, and may decide not to accept submissions from authors for a certain period of time. It may also write to the authors' employers or take all of these measures together.

Control to Prevent Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citing their owners in accordance with scientific rules.
Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics screens all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. The papers submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin & Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. The main measure of similarity is the author's compliance with the citation and citation rules. If the similarity rate appears to be 1%, but the citation and citation are not done properly, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author:
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/confessed authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing and dicing, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviors. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles that contain possible irregularities or non-compliances detected after publication.

Forgery
Producing data that is not based on research, editing or modifying the work presented or published on the basis of untrue data, reporting or publishing them, and presenting a research that has not been conducted as if it has been conducted.
Falsifying research records and data obtained, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that do not comply with the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, falsifying or shaping the research results in line with the interests of the persons and organizations supported.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.
Addressing Allegations of Research Misconduct
Hitit Journal of Economics and Policy adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. The editors of Hitit Journal of Economics and Policy will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct have occurred. In no case will the editors of the Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of Hitit Journal of Economics and Policy become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the manuscript if there are major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. Editors should consider issuing a statement of concern if there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident; or the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. COPE guidelines for correction, retraction or expression of concern are followed.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics adopts the Committee on Publication Ethics' (COPE) "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" in order to provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
2) In studies requiring ethics committee approval, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signing of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue may be published once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subjected to a preliminary editorial review. Then they are examined for compliance with the journal's spelling rules and similarity screening is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they are taken to the peer review process where the double blind model is used.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the authors' permission. During the article review process, the following people have access to the articles: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only time details about a manuscript may be passed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspicions of Scientific Misconduct
There are different definitions of scientific misconduct. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis as Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics follows the guidance established by major publication ethics bodies. If the editor suspects or alleges an ethical violation, they are obliged to take action. This duty extends to both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles raising concerns about possible misconduct. They are ethically obliged to follow up on alleged cases. The editor should follow COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from those suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employer or organization to investigate. The editor should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is conducted; if this fails, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to insist on a resolution to the problem. This is a laborious but important task.
Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. The editors of Hitit Journal of Economics and Policy will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct have occurred. In no case will Hitit Ekonomi ve Politika Dergisi or its editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of Hitit Journal of Economics and Policy become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to a paper published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.
Reviewers should inform the Editor if they suspect research or publication misconduct. The Editor is responsible for taking necessary action in accordance with COPE recommendations.
Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics is committed to following the COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar issues.
• What to do when republication is suspected
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
• What to do when fabricated data is suspected
• What to do when requesting a change of authorship
• What to do when an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do when unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do when directly notified of a suspected ethical violation by e-mail, etc.
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest occurs when professional judgment about a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that we need to know the competing interests of the authors in order to make the best decision about how to handle an article, and that if we publish the article, readers need to know them too.
Any interest, financial or otherwise, that could cause one to be conflicted in one's work, significantly impair one's objectivity, or give an unfair advantage to any person or organization. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
Hitit Journal of Economics and Policy has a set process for handling submissions from editors, staff or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are first referred to other journals. If this is not possible, the author of the submission will be suspended from the journal. These submissions are reviewed in a double blind process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions about papers written by him/herself or family members. Furthermore, such a paper should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow COPE guidelines on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Principles of Research Ethics
Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics observes the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that articles comply with ethical rules.
• The principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be ensured in the design, review of the design and conduct of the research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the purpose of the research, its methods and possible anticipated uses, and the requirements and risks, if any, of participation in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put participants at risk.
• Research independence must be clear and explicit; any conflict of interest must be stated.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, the written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. Consent must be obtained from the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or with a confirmed mental illness.
• If the study will be conducted in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization that the study will be conducted.
• In studies with a human element, it should be stated in the "method" section that "informed consent" has been obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval has been obtained from the institution where the study is conducted.

The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing or submission fee is charged for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication. Hitit Economics and Politics Journal does not accept sponsorship and advertisement in accordance with its publication policies. All expenses of Hitit Economics and Politics Journal are covered by Hitit University.